Eczema is a non-contagious inflammatory condition that affects the surface of the skin. The disease typically includes an acute phase (characterized by inflammation, erythema, edema, and blistering), a subacute phase (with symptoms of inflammation, such as papules and vesicles), and a chronic phase (during which the thickness of the skin surface and the stratum corneum are diminished, leading to cracks). A symptom that is always present is itching that makes the patient scratch the blisters causing bleeding, which can lead to viral and bacterial infections.

The main types of the disease are contact eczema, atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis) and seborrheic eczema:

• Contact eczema is the most common type and is caused by a reaction of the skin to exogenous substances of various kinds (chemical or biological). Contact dermatitis causes the appearance of erythema, edema and blisters, with the consequent formation of scabs. The initial lesions are located in the area of ​​the skin that has been exposed to the substance, but they can also spread to other areas. There are many substances that can cause this type of disease: metals (cobalt, chromium, nickel), drugs (antibiotics, antihistamines), cosmetics (deodorants, nail polish, hair dyes), household products (soaps, detergents , etc.). ..). Sometimes there is a period of at least 6-10 days before symptoms appear.
• Atopic eczema is often related to a family history of allergic diseases. The causes of this disease are not known, but it can be caused by substances breathed in or ingested. There are probably several factors involved such as genetic, immunological and environmental factors. It usually occurs during the first months of life, and is less frequent among adults.
• Seborrheic eczema is characterized by the appearance of large erythematous plaques and mainly affects the scalp, face and neckline. It is sometimes seen in people suffering from dandruff. It can affect children, but is more common in adult men.

How to get rid of eczema:

• Avoid certain foods: some foods contain substances (such as histamine and tyramine) that can worsen the situation: Strawberries, citrus fruits, bananas, pineapple, raspberries, avocado, melon, tomatoes, spinach, potato starch, peanuts, walnuts, hazelnuts, almonds. beans, peas, chick peas, lentils, eggs, fermented cheeses (parmesan, pecorino, cheddar, blue cheese), yogurt, brewer’s yeast, chocolate, sausages, preserves, bouillon cubes, crustaceans, fish and shellfish, canned fish ( tuna, salmon, sardines, anchovies).
• Always wear cotton or linen clothes and wash your clothes at 60° with mild soap.
• At night, wear cotton sheets, cotton pajamas, and light blankets to prevent sweating.
• Keep the temperature at home around 18-20° (too hot can increase sweating, which irritates the skin and causes itching).
• Avoid the presence of dogs and cats in the house, if possible.

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